Urban nightscapes and lighting master plans. Case study of Liepāja.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2022.20.07Keywords:
nightscape, urban landscape, lighting master plan, artificial lighting, light pollutionAbstract
Development of modern technologies and urbanisation enable cities to provide a broad range of services even at night, which means that the nightscape is becoming more used. The goal of the study is to develop recommendations for planning the night-time outdoor space and its elements in an urban environment, with a view to improve the functional and aesthetic quality of the city, and to reduce light pollution. To achieve this goal, the authors studied theoretical materials, analysed the experience of three cities in developing lighting plans, conducted field research and made photographic records to assess various areas, compiling and creating a visual representation of the results. The city-level focus in solving night-time cityscape problems is on the drafting of lighting master plans. Using such plans, one can spur tourism and economic growth, and improve the quality of life among the locals. On the level of the city, elements such as edges, neighbourhoods, roads, landmarks, viewpoints and nodes play an important role at night. One has to identify these elements and highlight them based on the recommendations developed. The proposed development of a Liepāja city lighting plan would strengthen the city’s identity, improve the safety of the night-time use of outdoor spaces, facilitate navigation, and create aesthetically pleasing views. Furthermore, this is an opportunity to reduce light pollution and transition to sustainable solutions through the use of various smart technologies associated with lighting.
References
Bunte, H., Jacob, T., Haapanen, T., Enevold, S., Le Moullec Y. LUCIA Compendium vol. 1: Sustainable and Smart Urban Lighting. LUCIA: Lighting the Baltic Sea Region. Tallinn: Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), 2020, p. 64.
Davoudian, N. Urban Lighting for People: Evidence-Based Lighting Design for the Built Environment. London: RIBA Publishing, 2019, p. 189.
Erele, L. Apgaismojums: Nozīme un ierīkošana daudzstāvu dzīvojamo kvartālu pagalmos. In: Projekts ‘Pagalmu renesanse’: Pagalmu rokasgrāmata. Riga: Nodibinājums Rīga 2014 un Latvijas ainavu arhitektūras biedrība, 2014, p. 16.
Gallaway, T. On Light Pollution, Passive Pleasures, and the Instrumental Value of Beauty. Journal of Economic Issues, 2010, No. 1(44), p. 71–88.
Gwiazdzinski L., Maggioli M., Straw W. Geographies of the Night: From Geographical Object to Might Studies. Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana serie 14, 2018, No. 1(2), p. 9–22.
International Dark-Sky Association. Light Pollution: What is Light Pollution? [online 09.10.2021]. https://www.darksky.org/light-pollution
Jēriņš, D. Viedais apgaismojums – Liepājas pilsētas pieredze. [online 16.10.2021]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjpXcKK-PpE
Jurševska, R. S. Nightscapes: Case study of Liepaja. Master’s thesis. Jelgava: Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. 93 p.
Kā nokļūt Liepājā. [online 17.10.2021]. https://liepaja.travel/planot/ka-noklut-liepaja/
Kyba C. C. M., Pritchard S. B., Ekirch A. R., Eldridge A., Jechow A., Preiser C., Kunz D., Henckel D., Hölker F., Barentine J., Berge J., Meier J., Gwiazdzinski L., Spotschan M., Milan M., Bach S., Schroer S., Straw W. Night Matters – Why the Interdisciplinary Field of ‘Night Studies’ is Needed. J 2020, 2020, No. 3, p. 1–6.
Liepāja City Construction Council. Tematiskais plānojums “Liepājas pilsētas pludmales un piekrastes attīstība”. [online 14.10.2021]. https://www.liepaja.lv/dokumenti/liepajas-pludmales-tematiskaplanojuma-paskaidrojosa-dala/
Liepāja City Council. Liepājas pilsētas attīstības programma 2015–2020. gadam. [online 14.10.2021]. https://faili.liepaja.lv/pludmales_planojums_paskaidrojuma_raksts.pdf
Liepāja City Council. Liepājas pilsētas teritorijas plānojums. [online 14.10.2021]. https://www.liepaja.lv/pilsetas-teritorijas-planojums
LSM.lv news editorial board. Liepājā izbūvēts jauns apgaismojums 168 km garumā. [online 16.10.2021]. https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/dzive-- stils/veseliba/liepaja-izbuvets-jauns-apgaismojums-168-km-garuma.a87843/
LUCI Association. Exploring City Nightscapes: Conversations with Amsterdam, Antwerp, Bologna, City of London, Ghent, Geneva, Jyväskylä, Lyon, Rotterdam, Seoul, Shanghai, Strasbourg. Lyon: SEPEC, 2020, p. 136
LUCI Association. Urban Lighting Master Plans: Lighting Master Plans Defining the Future. Cities & Lighting: The LUCI Network Magazine, 2015, No. 3, p. 12–19.
Lynch, K. The Image of the City. Cambridge, London: The M.I.T. Press, 1990, p. 103
Narisada, K., Schreuder, D. Light Pollution Handbook. Dordrecht: Springer, 2004, p. 943
Mizon, B. Light Pollution: Responses and Remedies. New York: Springer, 2012, p. 285
Stone, T. Re-envisioning the Nocturnal Sublime: On the Ethics and Aesthetics of Nighttime Lighting. Topoi, 2021, No. 40(2), p. 481–491.
The Ghent Light Strategy in the Spotlights. [online 10.10.2021]. https://stad.gent/sites/default/files/media/documents/Ghent_Light_Plan.pdf
What is the City of Light? [online 07.10.2021]. https://valonkaupunki.jyvaskyla.fi/en/city-light-jyvaskyla/what-city-light
Zahari, Z., Baharuddin, Z. M. Nightscape of Urban Squares in Landscape Architectural Design: Analysis and Evaluations on Nightscape of Merdeka Square in Kuala Lumpur [online 05.10.2021]. https://www.academia.edu/29061152/NIGHTSCAPE_OF_URBAN_SQUARES_IN_LANDSCAPE_ARCHITECTURAL_DESIGN_Analysis_and_Evaluations_on_Nightscape_of_Merdeka_Square_in_Kuala_Lumpur
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Landscape Architecture and Art
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.