Changes in worship building landscapes 21st-century in Europe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2024.25.11Keywords:
worship building landscape, literature review, churchAbstract
Worship building landscapes, like others, are changing. The aspects that are studied about worship building landscapes are also changing. This study aims to create a context for the changes in Latvian worship building landscapes in the 21st century, by exploring and examining what changes in worship building landscapes have been recorded in studies in the anglophone research literature in Europe. Relevant peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals were searched in the literature database “Web of Sciences”. In research was identified 106 publications about worship building landscape practices, which included 51 about physical changes in today’s worship building landscape, and also 38 about church politics, 62 about practices connected to the church, and 11 about pilgrimage. A widely explored topic in research is landscape change from a broad perspective, examining the influence of political, social, economic, and migration factors. Publications also show a strong focus on planning challenges, shifts in landscape perception, and how these perceptions evolve about worship building landscapes. The construction of new worship buildings, however, remains a less commonly studied subject. In certain parts of Europe, more specialized topics have gained attention, such as ruins, the risks posed by natural disasters, geotourism, and the role of worship buildings as habitats for owl nesting and bat nurseries. Research papers on changes in worship buildings vividly illustrate the intricate patterns shaping their landscapes, drawing the interest of scholars from diverse disciplines. When planning the development of landscapes surrounding places of worship, a holistic perspective is crucial. Traditionally, the focus has been heavily on the architectural values of these sites. However, in the 21st century, a broader approach is emerging, integrating economic, social, and environmental considerations alongside architectural aspects.
References
1. Alberts, E., & Tieken-Boon van Ostade, I. (2024). Migrant churches in The Hague–new religious and linguistic opportunities for churchgoers. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(7), 2484–2502. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2053691
2. Antonson, H., Ahlström, C., Mårdh, S., Blomqvist, G., & Wiklund, M. (2014). Landscape heritage objects’ effect on driving: A combined driving simulator and questionnaire study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 62, 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.09.021
3. Arboix-Alió, A., Pons-Poblet, J. M., Arboix, A., & Arboix-Alió, J. (2023). Relevance of Catholic parish churches in public space in Barcelona: historical analysis and future perspectives. Buildings, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061370
4. Barreiros Proença, S., Dal Cin, F., Valente Monteiro, C., & Freitas Gordinho, B. (2022). Revealing the place: sacred architecture along the Portuguese coastline. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315486
5. Bartie, P., Mackaness, W., Petrenz, P., & Dickinson, A. (2015). Identifying related landmark tags in urban scenes using spatial and semantic clustering. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 52, 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.03.003
6. Berková, H., Pokorný, M., & Zukal, J. (2014). Selection of buildings as maternity roosts by greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95(5), 1011–1017. https://doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-102
7. Boland, P., McKay, S., Sturm, T., & Gale, R. (2021). Religion, neoliberalism, planning: an analysis of Northern Ireland’s ‘superchurch.’ Religion, State and Society, 49(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2021.1909448
8. Bone, D. A. (2016). Historic building stones and their distribution in the churches and chapels of West Sussex, England. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 127(1), 53–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2016.02.001
9. Cerreta, M., Elefante, A., & La Rocca, L. (2020). A creative living lab for the adaptive reuse of the morticelli church: The ssmoll project. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(24), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410561
10. Chernyshev, D., Ivashko, Y., Kuśnierz-Krupa, D., & Dmytrenko, A. (2020). Role of natural landscape in perception of Ukrainian sacral architecture monuments. Landscape Architecture and Art, 17(17), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.17.02
11. Collins, P., Gowans, A., Scruton, R. and Ackerman, J. S. (2024) Architecture. Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture.
12. Constantin, A., & Constantin, M. P. (2020). Resilient tangible saxon heritage in the cultural landscapes in the hârtibaciu valley of Transylvania, Romania. Transylvanian Review, 29, 165–182. https://doi.org/10.33993/TR.2020.SUPPL.2.10
13. Corner, J. (2014). The Landscape Imagination: collected essays of James Corner, 1990-2010 (p. 257). A. B. Hirsch (Ed.). New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
14. Corsani Gabriele, & Morelli Emanuela. (2015). 194_Towards the Park of Florence Hills.
15. Council of Europe. (2000). European landscape convention. European Treaty Series, 176, 1-7. https://rm.coe.int/1680080621
16. Council of Europe. (2017). European Cultural Heritage Strategy for the 21st Century.
17. Council of Europe. (2005) Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, European Treaty Series 199, Strasbourg. At http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/199.htm
18. Dudkiewicz, M., & Durlak, W. (2023). Acoustic tomography as a supporting tool in the sustainable management of historic greenery: Example of the church garden in Horostyta (Poland). Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118654
19. Dzikowska, A., Zaręba, A., Krzemińska, A., & Pawłowski, K. (2023). The cultural landscape of rural cemeteries on the Polish–Czech borderlands: Multi-faceted visual analysis as an element of tourism potential assessment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813730
20. European Commission: Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (2019) European framework for action on cultural heritage, Publications Office, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/949707
21. Fassoulas, C., Nikolakakis, E., & Staridas, S. (2022). Digital Tools to Serve Geotourism and Sustainable Development at Psiloritis UNESCO Global Geopark in COVID Times and Beyond. Geosciences (Switzerland), 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020078
22. Foletti, I. (2022). Spaces for Miracles: constructing sacred space through the body, from Conques to the Mediterranean, and beyond. Convivium, 9(1), 168-185.
23. Frascaroli, F. (2013). Catholicism and conservation: The potential of sacred natural sites for biodiversity management in central Italy. Human Ecology, 41(4), 587–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-013-9598-4
24. Freire-Lista, D. M., Becerra, J. E. B., Vázquez, E., & de Abreu, M. S. (2023). Geotourism Route through Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University (Vila Real, Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion): a Space of Public Outreach of Geology. Geoheritage, 15(2). ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-023-00835-8
25. Fridolfsson, C., & Elander, I. (2013). Faith and place: Constructing Muslim identity in a secular Lutheran society. Cultural Geographies, 20(3), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474012464024
26. Garbin, D. (2013). The Visibility and Invisibility of Migrant Faith in the City: Diaspora Religion and the Politics of Emplacement of Afro-Christian Churches. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(5), 677–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.756658
27. Goyvaerts, S., & Keere, N. Vande. (2020). Liturgy and landscape—re-activating christian funeral rites through adaptive reuse of a rural church and its surroundings as a Columbarium and URN cemetery. Religions, 11(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11080407
28. Janowski, M., Janowska, A., Nadolny, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2023). Architecture of Polish Tatars - local identity and heritage. International Journal of Conservation Science, 14(1), 231–250. https://doi.org/10.36868/IJCS.2023.01.15
29. Jordan, K. (2022). Urban churches in an infrasecular landscape: three case studies from the Anglican Diocese of London. Journal of Architecture, 27(2–3), 346–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2022.2072933
30. Klein, Á., Mátics, R., & Schneider, Z. (2023). Breeding and conservation status of the Western Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Zala County, Hungary. An overview of 39 years of data. Ornis Hungarica, 31(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2023-0030
31. Kušar, D. (2008). The impact of natural disasters on buildings’ architectural styles. Acta Geographica Slovenica, 48(1), 93–120. https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS48104
32. Łach, J., Krzemińska, A., Widawski, K., & Zaręba, A. (2022). The role of the Protestant legacy in shaping Lower Silesian cultural heritage as exemplified by the refuge church in Borek Strzeliński (Großburg). Muzeológia a Kultúrne Dedičstvo, 10(1), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.10.1.4
33. Lamich, D., Marschalko, M., Yilmaz, I., Bednářová, P., Niemiec, D., Durďák, J., Kubečka, K., & Duda, R. (2016). Utilization of engineering geology in geo-tourism: few case studies of subsidence influence on historical churches in Ostrava-Karvina District (Czech Republic). Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4993-3
34. Larkham, P. J. (2019). Bombed churches, war memorials, and the changing english urban landscape. In Change Over Time (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 48–71). University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.1353/COT.2019.0004
35. Larkham, P. J., & Adams, D. (2022). Relics of War: Damaged Structures and Their Replacement or Management in Modern Landscapes. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013513
36. Lazdāne, Markova, Ziemeļniece, (2013). Regional structure of culturally-historical landscape objects availability in Latgale upland area. Civil engineering ’13 : 4th International scientific conference: proceedings, Jelgava, Latvia, 16-17 May, 2013 / Latvia University of Agriculture. Faculty of Rural Engineering. Department of Architecture and Building. Department of Structural Engineering. Jelgava, 2013. Vol.4 Part 1, pp.272-282. https://lbtufb.lbtu.lv/conference/Civil_engineering/2013/partI/Latvia_CivilEngineering2013Vol4PartI_272-282.pdf
37. Lerario, A., & Varasano, A. (2020). An IoT smart infrastructure for S. Domenico Church in Matera’s “Sassi”: A multiscale perspective to built heritage conservation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166553
38. Maehr, A. M., Watts, G. R., Hanratty, J., & Talmi, D. (2015). Emotional response to images of wind turbines: A psychophysiological study of their visual impact on the landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 142, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.05.011
39. Manning, P. (2008). Materiality and cosmology: Old georgian churches as sacred, sublime, and secular objects. Ethnos, 73(3), 327–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840802324011
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Landscape Architecture and Art
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
